Multiplayer in Minecraft enables multiple players to interact and communicate with each other on a single world. It is available through direct game-to-game multiplayer, LAN play, local split screen (console-only), and servers (player-hosted and business-hosted).[59] Players can run their own servers, use a hosting provider, or connect directly to another player's game via Xbox Live. Single-player worlds have local area network support, allowing players to join a world on locally interconnected computers without a server setup.[60] Minecraft multiplayer servers are guided by server operators, who have access to server commands such as setting the time of day and teleporting players. Operators can also set up restrictions concerning which usernames or IP addresses are allowed or disallowed to enter the server.[59] Multiplayer servers have a wide range of activities, with some servers having their own unique rules and customs. The largest and most popular server is Hypixel, which has been visited by over 14 million unique players.[61][62] Player versus player combat (PvP) can be enabled to allow fighting between players.[63] Many servers have custom plugins that allow actions that are not normally possible.
In 2013, Mojang announced Minecraft Realms, a server hosting service intended to enable players to run server multiplayer games easily and safely without having to set up their own.[64][65] Unlike a standard server, only invited players can join Realms servers, and these servers do not use IP addresses. Minecraft: Java Edition Realms server owners can invite up to twenty people to play on their server, with up to ten players online at a time. Minecraft Realms server owners can invite up to 3,000 people to play on their server, with up to ten players online at one time.[66] The Minecraft: Java Edition Realms servers do not support user-made plugins, but players can play custom Minecraft maps.[67] Minecraft Realms servers support user-made add-ons, resource packs, behavior packs, and custom Minecraft maps.[66] At Electronic Entertainment Expo 2016, support for cross-platform play between Windows 10, iOS, and Android platforms was added through Realms starting in June 2016,[68] with Xbox One and Nintendo Switch support to come later in 2017,[69] and support for virtual reality devices. On 31 July 2017, Mojang released the beta version of the update allowing cross-platform play.[70] Nintendo Switch support for Realms was released in July 2018.[71]
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The Xbox 360 Edition supports downloadable content, which is available to purchase via the Xbox Games Store; these content packs usually contain additional character skins.[82] It later received support for texture packs in its twelfth title update while introducing "mash-up packs", which combines texture packs with skin packs and changes to the game's sounds, music and user interface.[83] The first mash-up pack (and by extension, the first texture pack) for the Xbox 360 Edition was released on 4 September 2013, and was themed after the Mass Effect franchise.[84] Unlike Java Edition, however, the Xbox 360 Edition does not support player-made mods or custom maps.[85] A cross-promotional resource pack based on the Super Mario franchise by Nintendo was released for the Wii U Edition worldwide on 17 May 2016.[86] A mash-up pack based on Fallout was announced for release on the Wii U Edition.[87] In April 2018, malware was discovered in several downloadable user-made Minecraft skins for use with the Java Edition of the game.[88][89] Avast stated that nearly 50,000 accounts were infected, and when activated, the malware would attempt to reformat the user's hard drive.[89][88] Mojang promptly patched the issue, and released a statement stating that "the code would not be run or read by the game itself",[88] and would only run when the image containing the skin itself was opened.[90]
After nearly one and a half years in beta, Microsoft fully released Minecraft for Windows on December 19, 2016. Called the "Ender Update", this release implemented new features to this version of Minecraft like world templates and add-on packs.[179] This version has the ability to play with Xbox Live friends, and to play local multiplayer with owners of Minecraft on other Bedrock platforms. Other features include the ability to use multiple control schemes such as a gamepad, keyboard, or touchscreen (for Microsoft Surface and other touchscreen-enabled devices). Virtual reality support has been implemented, as well as the ability to record and take screenshots in-game via the Windows built-in GameDVR.[180]
A version of Minecraft for the Raspberry Pi was officially revealed at Minecon 2012. The Pi Edition is based on an alpha version of Pocket Edition with the added ability of using text commands to edit the game world. Players can open the game code and use the Python programming language to manipulate things in the game world.[184] It also includes a scripting API to modify the game, and server software for multiplayer. The game was leaked on 20 December 2012, but was quickly pulled off.[185] It was officially released on 11 February 2013.[186] Mojang stopped providing updates to Minecraft: Raspberry Pi Edition in 2016. It is preinstalled on Raspberry Pi OS and can be downloaded for free from the official Minecraft website.[187]
Early versions of Minecraft received critical acclaim, praising the creative freedom it grants players in-game, as well as the ease of enabling emergent gameplay.[239][240][241] Critics have praised Minecraft's complex crafting system, commenting that it is an important aspect of the game's open-ended gameplay.[226] Most publications were impressed by the game's "blocky" graphics, with IGN describing them as "instantly memorable".[18] Reviewers also liked the game's adventure elements, noting that the game creates a good balance between exploring and building.[226] The game's multiplayer feature has been generally received favorably, with IGN commenting that "adventuring is always better with friends".[18] Jaz McDougall of PC Gamer said Minecraft is "intuitively interesting and contagiously fun, with an unparalleled scope for creativity and memorable experiences".[233] It has been regarded as having introduced millions of children to the digital world, insofar as its basic game mechanics are logically analogous to computer commands.[242]
IGN was disappointed about the troublesome steps needed to set up multiplayer servers, calling it a "hassle".[18] Critics also said that visual glitches occur periodically.[226] Despite its release out of beta in 2011, GameSpot said the game had an "unfinished feel", adding that some game elements seem "incomplete or thrown together in haste".[226]
Examples of commonly-used symbol commands include those for Greek letters: \alpha \((\alpha)\), \beta \((\beta)\), \gamma (\(\gamma)\), \delta \((\delta)\), \Delta \((\Delta)\) and so forth. Many other LaTeX commands, such as those for modifiers: \vecx \((\vecx)\), \tildex \((\tildex)\), \hatx \((\hatx)\) etc., are also designed for use in math mode. 2ff7e9595c
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